Your Ultimate Guide to Discovering Besançon - France
Besançon - France
| Besançon - France |
History of Besançon
Besançon, the capital of the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France, boasts a history that stretches back over 2,000 years. The city is strategically located in a loop of the Doubs River, surrounded by hills, which made it a significant military and administrative center throughout its history.
The earliest known settlement in the area dates back to the Gallic tribe of the Sequani around 1,500 BC. The city, then known as Vesontio, became an important trading post due to its strategic location. In 58 BC, Julius Caesar conquered Vesontio during his campaign against the Helvetii, and the city became a part of the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, Besançon flourished as a key economic and military center. The city's amphitheater, aqueducts, and other remnants from this period highlight its Roman past.
During the Middle Ages, Besançon continued to grow as an ecclesiastical center. It became the seat of the Archdiocese of Besançon, which increased its religious significance. The city's cathedral, dedicated to Saint John, dates back to this period, with its construction spanning several centuries.
In the 17th century, Besançon gained prominence due to its strategic importance during the reign of King Louis XIV. The famous military engineer, Vauban, was tasked with fortifying the city. He designed and built the Citadel of Besançon, a massive fortress that still dominates the city’s skyline. The citadel is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and is one of the most important examples of military architecture from this period.
Besançon also played a significant role during the Industrial Revolution, becoming a center for watchmaking, a tradition that continues to this day. The city’s expertise in precision engineering and horology earned it the nickname "Capital of Time."
Today, Besançon is known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning architecture, and vibrant academic community, with the University of Franche-Comté being one of the oldest in France, founded in 1423.
Tourist Program in Besançon
The Citadel of BesançonStart your visit at the iconic Citadel of Besançon, designed by Vauban in the 17th century. This UNESCO World Heritage site offers stunning views of the city and the Doubs River. The citadel houses several museums, including the Museum of Resistance and Deportation, the Natural History Museum, and the Museum of Comtois Life. The citadel’s zoo and aquarium are also popular attractions, especially for families.
Besançon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean)Next, visit Besançon Cathedral, located in the heart of the city. The cathedral is an architectural masterpiece that blends Romanesque and Gothic styles. Inside, you can admire the Astronomical Clock, a marvel of 19th-century engineering with 30,000 parts that display various astronomical and calendrical data.
The Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology
The Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology, one of France’s oldest museums, is a must-visit for art lovers. The museum’s collection includes works from renowned artists such as Titian, Rubens, Goya, and Courbet, as well as an extensive archaeological collection that traces the history of the region from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages.
The Granvelle Palace
Explore the Granvelle Palace, a Renaissance-style building that was once the residence of Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle, a prominent figure in the court of Emperor Charles V. The palace now houses the Time Museum (Musée du Temps), which showcases the history of timekeeping and Besançon’s watchmaking heritage.
The Quai Vauban
Stroll along the Quai Vauban, a picturesque riverside promenade named after the city’s famous military engineer. The quay is lined with beautiful 17th-century buildings and offers lovely views of the Doubs River. It’s a perfect spot for a leisurely walk or a relaxing boat ride.
The Square CastanVisit the Square Castan, where you can see the remains of a Roman amphitheater that once hosted gladiatorial games and other public spectacles. The site also features a small park with ancient ruins and is a peaceful spot to reflect on the city’s Roman past.
The Botanical Garden of BesançonNature enthusiasts will enjoy a visit to the Botanical Garden of Besançon (Jardin Botanique de Besançon), located near the city center. The garden features a diverse collection of plants from around the world, including medicinal plants, tropical species, and a beautiful arboretum.
The Fort of ChaudanneFor panoramic views of Besançon, hike up to the Fort of Chaudanne, one of the forts that form part of the city’s extensive defensive system. The fort offers stunning vistas of the city, the Doubs River, and the surrounding hills. The Astronomical Clock of BesançonDon't miss the opportunity to witness the intricate workings of the Astronomical Clock in Besançon Cathedral. This remarkable clock, with its 70 dials and numerous moving parts, is a testament to the city’s long-standing tradition of horology.
The Saint-Jean NeighborhoodEnd your tour with a visit to the Saint-Jean neighborhood, one of the oldest parts of the city. This area is characterized by narrow, winding streets, charming squares, and traditional half-timbered houses. It’s a great place to explore local shops, cafes, and restaurants.
Hotels in Besançon
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| Besançon - France |
Besançon, with its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene, offers a unique blend of past and present. Whether you’re exploring its Roman ruins, strolling through its charming streets, or admiring its architectural masterpieces, Besançon provides a fascinating and enriching experience for visitors.
