Your Ultimate Guide to Discovering Rotterdam - Netherlands
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| Rotterdam - Netherlands |
Rotterdam is a city unlike any other in the Netherlands. With its innovative architecture, bustling port, and cutting-edge cultural scene, Rotterdam stands out as a symbol of resilience, creativity, and modernity. Known as the "Gateway to Europe" because of its enormous port, the city has a rich history shaped by war, reconstruction, and growth. Despite being largely destroyed during World War II, Rotterdam has risen from the ashes to become one of Europe's most vibrant and forward-thinking cities.
This travel guide will cover Rotterdam's fascinating history, a three-day tourist circuit, and a selection of hotels that offer the best experience for your stay.
History of Rotterdam
The history of Rotterdam dates back to 1270 when a dam was constructed on the Rotte River, and the town of Rotterdam was established. Over the centuries, Rotterdam grew as a significant port and trading city due to its strategic location near the North Sea. By the 17th century, during the Dutch Golden Age, Rotterdam had developed into one of the most important ports in the world, facilitating trade across Europe and the globe.
However, the most defining moment in Rotterdam's modern history occurred during World War II. On May 14, 1940, the German Luftwaffe bombed Rotterdam, causing widespread destruction. The heart of the city was reduced to rubble, and over 80,000 people were left homeless. Unlike many other European cities that opted to restore their historical centers, Rotterdam chose to rebuild its city center with a bold, modern approach. This decision gave rise to the avant-garde architecture and urban design that Rotterdam is now famous for.
In the post-war period, Rotterdam grew into one of the largest ports in the world, known as the Port of Rotterdam, which played a significant role in the economic recovery of Europe. The port remains the largest in Europe and one of the busiest in the world, contributing greatly to the city's economic significance.
Today, Rotterdam is a vibrant metropolis with a thriving arts scene, world-renowned architecture, and a diverse population. It is a city that embraces modernity while honoring its history, making it a unique destination for travelers.
Tourist Circuit Program: A Three-Day Itinerary in Rotterdam
Rotterdam offers a wide range of activities, from exploring its modern architecture and historical landmarks to enjoying its culinary delights and artistic treasures. Here’s a suggested three-day itinerary to help you make the most of your time in this dynamic city.
Day 1: Architectural Wonders and the Heart of Rotterdam
Morning: Start at the Markthal
Begin your exploration of Rotterdam at the Markthal, an architectural marvel that combines a vibrant indoor market with residential apartments. Opened in 2014, this horseshoe-shaped building features a massive arched ceiling covered in a colorful mural known as the "Horn of Plenty," depicting fruits, vegetables, and other market goods.
Inside, you’ll find a bustling market with food stalls offering everything from fresh produce to Dutch delicacies like stroopwafels and bitterballen. Grab a coffee and a snack to fuel your day of exploration.
Late Morning: Visit the Cube Houses
Just a short walk from the Markthal are Rotterdam’s iconic Cube Houses (Kubuswoningen), designed by architect Piet Blom in the 1970s. These bright yellow, tilted cubic structures are a prime example of Rotterdam's daring approach to architecture.
You can tour one of the Cube Houses by visiting the Show Cube Museum, which offers a glimpse into how these uniquely shaped homes are designed for living. The quirky design and compact interior make it a must-see attraction.
Afternoon: Erasmus Bridge and Wilhelminapier
After lunch, take a stroll across the Erasmus Bridge (Erasmusbrug), one of Rotterdam’s most iconic landmarks. This sleek, white bridge, nicknamed "The Swan" for its graceful design, spans the Nieuwe Maas River and connects the northern and southern parts of the city.
On the southern side of the bridge, you’ll find the Wilhelminapier district, home to some of Rotterdam's most modern buildings, including the De Rotterdam skyscraper designed by Rem Koolhaas. The area is also home to the Hotel New York, a historic hotel housed in the former headquarters of the Holland America Line, which once ferried European emigrants to the United States.
Evening: Sunset Drinks at Euromast
End your first day with a visit to the Euromast, an observation tower that offers panoramic views of Rotterdam and its surroundings. The Euromast is the tallest building in the Netherlands, standing at 185 meters. Take the elevator to the top for breathtaking views of the city's skyline, the port, and the surrounding countryside.
There is also a restaurant at the top where you can enjoy a drink or a meal while taking in the sunset over Rotterdam.
Day 2: Museums, Art, and Culture
Morning: Museumpark and Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum
Start your second day in Rotterdam’s Museumpark, a cultural hub that houses several of the city’s most important museums. The centerpiece is the Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum, one of the oldest art museums in the Netherlands. The museum features an impressive collection of European masterpieces, including works by Rembrandt, Van Gogh, and Dalí, as well as contemporary art and design exhibitions.While the main building is under renovation, you can visit Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen, a new storage facility that allows visitors to explore the museum’s entire collection, stored in a futuristic mirrored building.
Late Morning: Kunsthal Rotterdam
Next, visit the Kunsthal, a dynamic exhibition space designed by architect Rem Koolhaas. The Kunsthal doesn’t have a permanent collection but instead hosts rotating exhibitions covering a wide range of topics, including contemporary art, photography, fashion, and design. There’s always something new and exciting to see, making it a must-visit for culture enthusiasts.
Afternoon: Delfshaven and Maritime Museum
After a morning of art and culture, head to the Delfshaven district, one of the few areas of Rotterdam that survived the WWII bombings. This picturesque neighborhood features charming canals, 17th-century buildings, and historic landmarks. Delfshaven is known as the departure point for the Pilgrim Fathers before they set sail for America in 1620.
Visit the Maritime Museum in the afternoon to learn about Rotterdam’s history as a major port city. The museum offers fascinating exhibits on maritime history, shipbuilding, and the global shipping industry. Outside, you can explore historic ships moored in the harbor.
Evening: Dinner in Witte de Withstraat
After a day of exploration, head to Witte de Withstraat, one of Rotterdam's trendiest streets. This lively area is known for its artsy vibe, with numerous galleries, boutiques, cafes, and restaurants. Enjoy dinner at one of the many eateries offering diverse international cuisines, from Mediterranean to Asian fusion.
After dinner, you can grab a drink at one of the vibrant bars along the street, or visit a live music venue for some local entertainment.
Day 3: Day Trip and Natural Beauty
Morning: Day Trip to Kinderdijk
On your final day, take a day trip to Kinderdijk, a UNESCO World Heritage site located about 30 minutes from Rotterdam. Kinderdijk is famous for its 19 windmills, which were built in the 18th century to manage water levels in the region’s low-lying polders. The windmills are one of the most iconic symbols of Dutch culture, and visiting Kinderdijk offers a glimpse into the country’s historic water management systems.
You can explore the area by foot, bike, or boat, and some of the windmills are open to the public as museums.
Afternoon: Rotterdam Zoo (Diergaarde Blijdorp)
After your morning in Kinderdijk, return to Rotterdam and visit the Rotterdam Zoo (Diergaarde Blijdorp), one of the oldest and most famous zoos in the Netherlands. The zoo is known for its beautifully landscaped enclosures and a wide variety of animals from around the world. Highlights include the Oceanium, where you can walk through a tunnel surrounded by marine life, and the African Savannah, where you can see elephants, giraffes, and other wildlife.
Late Afternoon: Explore Kralingse Bos and Plas
Finish your afternoon at the Kralingse Bos and Plas, a large park and lake located just east of the city center. This tranquil spot is perfect for a relaxing walk, bike ride, or picnic. You can rent a boat and paddle across the lake or simply unwind by the water while enjoying views of the Rotterdam skyline in the distance.
Evening: Final Night in Rotterdam
For your final night in Rotterdam, treat yourself to dinner at one of the city’s top restaurants. Consider dining at Restaurant Fitzgerald, a Michelin-starred establishment offering modern European cuisine with a focus on fresh, seasonal ingredients. Alternatively, for a more casual yet equally delightful meal, try Fenix Food Factory, a bustling food hall located in the Katendrecht district, where you can sample local cheeses, charcuterie, and craft beers.
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Hotels in Rotterdam
Rotterdam offers a wide range of accommodations, from luxury hotels to trendy boutique stays. Here are some top recommendations:
Mainport Hotel: Located on the banks of the Maas River, Mainport Hotel is a luxurious five-star hotel offering stunning views of the water and the city skyline. The hotel features spacious rooms with modern amenities, a rooftop spa, and a stylish bar and restaurant. Its central location makes it a perfect base for exploring Rotterdam’s attractions.
nhow Rotterdam: Situated in the iconic De Rotterdam building designed by Rem Koolhaas, nhow Rotterdam is a modern and stylish hotel offering panoramic views of the Erasmus Bridge and the river. The hotel has contemporary rooms, a rooftop bar, and an in-house restaurant, making it a great choice for travelers looking for comfort and style.
Hotel New York: For a unique and historic stay, book a room at Hotel New York, located in the former headquarters of the Holland America Line. The hotel combines old-world charm with modern amenities and offers beautiful views of the river. Its waterfront terrace is a popular spot for both guests and locals.
CitizenM Rotterdam: If you’re looking for a trendy and affordable option, CitizenM Rotterdam is a great choice. This design hotel offers compact but stylish rooms with high-tech amenities, such as mood lighting and touchscreen controls. Its location near the Oude Haven district makes it convenient for exploring the city’s attractions.
The James Hotel Rotterdam: Located in the city center, The James Hotel offers modern and spacious rooms at an affordable price. The hotel features a fitness center, a 24-hour food market, and stylish interiors, making it a comfortable and convenient choice for travelers.
Rotterdam is a city that continues to defy expectations with its bold architecture, rich history, and forward-thinking culture. Whether you're exploring its cutting-edge buildings, delving into its maritime heritage, or enjoying its vibrant arts scene, Rotterdam offers an unforgettable experience for travelers. Its unique blend of old and new, tradition and innovation, makes it a must-visit destination for bloggers and adventurers alike.
